Which of the following is incorrect way to introduce alien DNA into host cells?
(i) Bacteria is made ‘competent’ to take up DNA by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium
(ii) Recombinant DNA is transfer into competent bacteria by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, heat shock, and then putting them back on ice.
(iii) Recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of plant cell by micro-injection.
(iv) Recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of plant cell by micro-injection.
(v) ‘Disarmed pathogen’ vectors, when allowed to infect the cell, transfer the recombinant DNA into the host.
Text Solution
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(i) Correct – Bacteria are made competent using divalent cations like Ca²⁺.
(ii) Correct – Transformation involves ice → heat shock → ice treatment.
(iii) Incorrect – Microinjection is generally used for animal cells, not plant cells.
(iv) Incorrect – Same reason as (iii).
(v) Correct – Disarmed pathogens (e.g., Agrobacterium tumefaciens) can transfer recombinant DNA into host cells.
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